Local Value vs. Illumination: Separating Color from Light
The most common mistake in rendering is confusing illumination for the object’s inherent shade.
color-theory
Color Relativity: The Physics of Perceived Value
Your final color is simply the intersection of those two things. If you understand the light source, you know how to shift your color. If you understand the local color, you know your starting point. If you ignore either of these, your colors will look disconnected and flat.